화학반응(단백질)의 여러 데이타 5 == xx.tx

화학반응(단백질)의 여러 데이타 5 == xx.txt

화면을 올바르게 보기위해서는 에디터나 , 워드 프로세서의 글꼴을 다음과 같이 세팅해야 함

글꼴 -- Lucida console

courier new

로 세팅해야 함

아래의 html 문서도 Lucida console , courier new 의 글꼴로 해서 봐야 하나

그냥 올리니 보고싶은 사람은 다운로드 해서 에디터나 , 워드 프로세서로 볼것

아래의 데이터의 작성된 시기 ---- 1997 년 --- 1998

download file

1140142837_XX.txt

XX.txt

---------- this text written by choi myung hoan .1997 - 1998
---------- 지은이 : 최명환 .1997 - 1998
----------- http://blog.paran.com/choi7mh

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

site.304
!bindungsenergien
!banderbals
!bindungslaingen
!elekrochemische
in kj/mol
437 566 432 365 297 390 465 348
┌1 ┌1 ┌1 ┌1 ┌1 ┌1 ┌1 ┌1
h┴h h┴f h┴cl h┴br h┴i h┴n h┴o h┴s

155 151 243 193
┌1 ┌1 ┌1 ┌1
f┴f i┴i cl┴cl br┴br

415 440 331 277 218 306 615 892
┌1 ┌1 ┌1 ┌1 ┌1 ┌1 ┌2 ┌3
c┴h c┴f c┴cl c┴br c┴i c┴n c┴n c┴n

360 737 348 611 837
┌1 ┌2 ┌1 ┌2 ┌3
c┴o c┴o c┴c c┴c c┴c

163 419 947 222 608 197 251 272
┌1 ┌2 ┌3 ┌1 ┌2 ┌1 ┌1 ┌1
n┴n n┴n n┴n n┴o n┴o o┴o s┴s s┴c

!bindungslaingen

┌y
x┴x -->xy=nm.

b1=0.176 b2=0.156 b3=0.142
c1=0.154 c2=0.133 c3=0.120
o1=0.180 o2=0.148 o3=0.110
s1=0.208 s2=0.188 s3=0.174

no.=0.xxx.nm.
161 156 150 147 143 136 168 182 197
┌1 ┌1 ┌1 ┌1 ┌1 ┌1 ┌1 ┌1 ┌1
b┴c b┴n b┴o c┴n c┴o c┴f o┴cl o┴br o┴f

181 173 170 140 127 122 111 119 107
┌1 ┌1 ┌1 ┌2 ┌3 ┌2 ┌3 ┌2 ┌3
s┴c s┴n s┴o b┴c b┴c c┴n c┴n c┴o c┴o

117 107 217 197 205 181 109
┌2 ┌3 ┌1 ┌2 ┌1 ┌2 ┌2
n┴o n┴o as┴cl as┴cl sb┴n sb┴n c┴h

!elekrochemische ;dtv.60

!banderbals (ong) =1kcal/mol
h=1.2,n=1.5,o=1.4,p=1.9,s=1.85,ch3=2.0
susogyeolhab=hydrogen bond=3<->7kcal/mol
oh...o =2.70
oh...o(u-)=2.63
oh...n =2.88
nh...o =3.04
n(u+)h...o =2.93
nh...n =3.10
25grad.molecular.energy=0.6kcal/mol

a1=wasserstoffbruicke b=london-kraifte
┌──────┐ ┌──────┐ ┌──┐┌──┐┌───┐
2└┬─────┘ 2└┬─────┘ └┬─┘└┬─┘└┬┬┬┘
o┴─c-o(u-) o┴─c-o(u-) s oh hhh
ca(u2+) │ a1 a2
o┬─c-o(u-) nh3(u+) s ho hhh
2┌┴─────┐ ┌┴─────┐ ┌┴─┐┌─┴┐┌┴┴┴┐
└──────┘ └──────┘ └──┘└──┘└───┘
ionenbezeihung

!methan (dtv-58)
co2 --> ch4
a1=coenzym-m=(so3(u-))─(h2c)*2─sh
co2+a1 --> a1─s.coo(u-)+2e(u-)
a1─s─cho+2e(u-)
a1─s─ch2oh+2e(u-)
a1─s─ch3+2e(u-)
a1─s + ch4

[!chemische voirter]
!vervindungsformeln
A ;adenosin,adenin
ACTH ;adrenocorticotropes hormon
ATP ;adenosintriphosphat
ADP ;adenosindiphosphat
AMP ;adenosinmonophosphat
aa- ;aminoacyl-
Ala ;alanin
AbA ;abscisin
aa-tRNA ;aminoacyl-trna-complex
ATA ;aurintricarboxylic acid
camp;zyklisches adenosinmonophosphat
fad ;flavin adenin dinucleotid
fmn ;flavinmononucleotid
nad(u+);nicotinamid adenin dinucleotid
nadh;reduziertes nad(u+)

nadp(u+);nicotinamid adenin dinucleotid phosphat
nadph;reduziertes nadp(u+)

!vervindungsformeln
!nadp
!nadp ;site.272 or 6-11
!fad
!torsion winkel ;s.hirzel.60
!taurin ;hirzel.290

2┬o
┬┴┬c─nh2
│b│
┴n┴
r┴(u+)
nicotineamide

nad(u+)-r3(u+)-r2+2h(u+) <-->nadh-r3(u+)-r2(=h)+h(u+)

r1=oh=nad,r1=pi=nadp=po4h2
r2┐
h┤2┬o
┬┴┬c─nh2
│b│
┴n┴
r3 ┼(u+) h o h adenin
│ │ (u-)┬o 2┤ │ │
h─c───o────c─ch2o─p──o──p──och2─c───o───c─h
│ ┌h ┌h │ 2┤ (u-)┴o │ ┌h ┌h │
└─c──c───┘ o └─c──c──┘
└oh└o └oh└r1

!fad
---a1
2┬o
h3c┬┴┬n┬┴nh
│b│b│b│
h3c┴┬┴n┴n┴┬2
│ o
h─c─(hcoh)3─ch2-r
└h
riboflabin=a1-oh
fmn = o
2┤
a1─o──p──oh
(u-)┴o
fad(r1=0,r2=0)=
r2┐
│2┬o
h3c┬┴┬n┬┴nh
│b│b│b│2 o h adenin
h3c┴┬┴n┴n┴┴o (u-)┬o 2┤ │ │
│ └r1 ┌ch2o─p──o──p──och2─c───o───c─h
h─c─(hcoh)3─┘ 2┤ (u-)┴o │ ┌h ┌h │
└h o └─c──c──┘
fad+2h=fadh(r1=h,r2=h) └oh└oh

!torsion winkel ;s.hirzel.60
a1=torsion winkel
a1=0.winkel=13kj/mol

│<─a1─>│
h─┐ ┌─h
h─c──c─h
h─┘ └─h

a1=torsion winkel

│<─a1─>│ │<─120 ─>│ │<─240 ─>│
cl─┐ ┌─cl cl─┐ ┌─h cl─┐ ┌─h
h─c──c─h h─c──c─cl h─c──c─h
h─┘ └─h h─┘ └─h h─┘ └─cl
a1=0.winkel=18.8kj/mol
60.winkel=4.6 kj/mol
120.winkel=11.7 kj/mol
180.winkel=0 kj/mol
240.winkel=11.7 kj/mol
300.winkel=4.6 kj/mol
360.winkel=18.8 kj/mol

!taurin ;hirzel.290
h2c─┐
│ nh + h2so3 -->
h2c─┘
h2c─nh2 h2c─nh3(u+)
│ <--> │
h2c─so3h h2c─so3(u-)

mesitylen ;hirzel.209

h3c─┐2 h3c─┐2 ->h3c─┐2 h3c─┐2
h3c─c┴o...h3c─c┴o ->h3c─c┴──hc─c┴o
┌....┘ └─.....─┐ │
└──so4(u2-) 2h(u+)─┘ └───>>hoh

h3c─┐2 h3c─┐2 h3c─┐
hc─c┴──hc─c┴──hc─c┬2
└────────────────┘

!apotheke
!seco-g
!edix-g
!selestone-g

!seco-g
[jinro jeyag gyeonggido hoaseonggun
yeongnammyeon sangsinri 900-2]
jilsaneconajol[bogeonwon 85-9]
triamsinolonasetonid
hoangsangentamaisin
--sinoluasetni-
--maisin
[hyon|ng,hyogwa]
->pb12
alergiseong yeomj|mseong pibujilhoan[sbjin]
pibusasanggyun[baigseon]
jogbubaigseon,busreom
anbubaigseon[beojim]
dubu " [gigyechung]
gobubaigseon[oanseon]
eoureogi,pibukandidajng
->pe12

!edix-g
donggoangjeyag
gyeonggido pyeongtaigsi mogogdong 439-1

jilsaneconajol-10mg
triamsinolonasetonid-1.0mg
hoangsangentamaisin-1.0mg
paraogsiansighyangsanmechil-1.0mg
paraogsiansighyangsanpropil-1.0mg
[hyon|ng,hyogwa]
->p12

!selestone-g
yuhanyanghaing
gyo 815-0181~9 yakpumbu 815-9721
sobijasangdam 080-024-1188

gilchosanbetametason..0.61mg
hoangsangentamaisin..1.0mg
klorocresol..1.0mg
[hyon|ng,hyogwa]
**alergiseong yeomj|mseong pibujilhoan[sbjin]
jeobchogpibuyeom
atopi "
jiru "
ilgoang "
manseongdansuntaiseon
ganchaljin,bagtalpibuyeom
gujinsangdudreogi,geonseon
gareoumjng[hangmun,umbu]
**
ueonhyeongtalmojng
1dohoasang
beolemulinde
2chasegyungamyeompibujilhoan

!bunseog
stearsan (c17h35cooh) ;jeogoisunhbsu spektrum
ch3─ , ─ch3 ->3.5 microm [ ho─c┬o ] ->5.8 microm [┬c─ch3 ]->6.9 microm
│ seite.353 │2 3

!hitze
s.160
h.1mol[2.015g]+o.1/2mol[16g] --> fluissigkeit.h2o.1mol[18.015g]+68.3kcal
h.1mol[2.015g]+o.1/2mol[16g] --> gas.h2o.1mol[18.015g]+57.8kcal
hCl.aq+Naoh.aq -->NaCl.aq.1mol+13.7kcal
na2s2o3.5h2o+aq -->na2s2o3.aq - 11.3kcal

[!chemie rechnung]
!elektrizitait
seite 80
1atm 25grad gas.15l --> 90grad ?l
x=l 15l/273+25grad =x/273+90grad x=18.27l
1atm 25grad gas.15l --> 20l ?grad
15l/273+25grad =20l/273+xgrad x=124.33grad

seite.100 x5g + h2o100g 100grad=748.8 mmhg --> ?xm
p0=100grad=760mmhg p=100grad[x+h2o]=748.8mmhg
kw=h2o100g m=h2o=18 gw=x5g xm= (p0*gw*m) / (p0 -p)kw
xm= 760*5*18 / (760-748.8)*100 =<> 61

seite.100 x1.5g + h2o.25g mp=-2.08grad h2o.mol.mp=1.86 grad --> ?xm
m=1000*x1.5g*h2o.mol.mp / mp * h2o.25g
xm=1000*1.5g*1.86grad / 2.08grad*25g = 53.7

seite.101 fluissigkeit.100ml.[x0.184g] pai=30grad.560mmhg -->?xm
gr=0.082 atm*l/mol*k.grad pai=samtuab
xm= (0.184g / (560mmhg/760)*(100ml/1000ml) ) *0.082 + (273+30grad)
=<> 62

seite.99 27grad fluissigkeit.[x0.1mol] -->?pai
pai=nrt/v = 0.1mol * 0.082 atm*l/mol*k.grad * (273+27grad) / 1l
=2.46atm

s.263 !elektrizitait
1coul=1ampere*1sek 5amp.1uhr =18000coul 96500/3600=26.80556amp.
agno3.aq 1coul -->ag[0.001118g]
agno3.aq 96500coul -->ag[107.87g] 1f=96500coul
10f cuso4 --> ?cu.gram.[minus]
x=63.54/2*10f=317.7cu.gram
agno3.aq 1a 10minuten -->?ag.gram
x=108g/1 * 1a*10minuten*60/96500=<>0.67g

bpmp.mol
yongmai bp bp.mol mp mp.mol
h2o 100 0.52 0 1.86
benzol 80.1 2.57 5.5 5.12
ether 34.6 2.16
ihwanghwatanso 46.2 2.37
naptalen mp=80.1 mp.mol=6.90
etansan(chosan) mp=16.6 mp.mol=3.90

!battery
!ioniztion
!electrolysis ;jeongibunhai
seite 257
pb-chugjunji ┌──>>──┐
minus pbo + so4(u2-) ---> pbso4 + 2e(u-) │
plus (+) pbo2 | minu (-) pb ┌───<<───┘
plus pbo2 + 4h(u+) + so4(u2-) + 2e(u-) ---> pbso4+2h2o

pb+2h2so4 + pbo2 <---> 2pbso4 + 2h2o
(4h(u+) + 2so4(u2-) <-chungjun ->bangjun

!ioniztion
ioniztion tendency
k,ca,na,mg,al,mn,zn,fe,ni,sn,pb,h,cu,hg,ag,pt,au
s.249
(2h(u+)+so4(u2-))+n(zn) -->
(2h(u+)+so4(u2-))+n(zn)+zn(u2+)+2e(u2-) -->
2h(u+)+2e(u-) -->h2.gas

fe>ion.t>cu ;s.250
┌─Cuso4.h2o.aq────────────┐
│ cu(u2+)+so4(u2-) │
│ ┌─n(fe)───────┐ │
│ │┌─<<───2e(u-)│-->f2(2+)│
│ └cu─cu─cu─cu──┘ │
│ └─<<────────cu(u2+) │
│ │
└─────────────────────────┘
zn>ion.t>pb
┌─pb(ch3coo)2.aq──────────┐
│ pb(u2+)+(ch3coo)2(u2-) │
│ ┌─n(zn)───────┐ │
│ │┌─<<───2e(u-)│-->zn(2+)│
│ └pb───────────┘ │
│ pb<<────────n(pb(u2+)) │
│n(pb) │
└─────────────────────────┘
zn>ion.t>h ;s.249
┌─h2so4.aq────────────────┐
│ 2h(u1+)+so4(u2-) │
│ ┌─n(zn)───────┐ │
│ │┌─<<───2e(u-)│-->zn(2+)│
│ └h2───────────┘ │
│ h2<<────────2(h(u+)) │
└──│──────────────────────┘
└────>>out

!electrolysis ;jeongibunhai

┌─Na2so4.h2o.aq─────────────────────┐
│ 2na(u+)+so4(u2-) │
│ h(u+)+oh(u-) │
│ │
│┌───>>2h2o+o2+4e(u-) 2h2<<───┐ │
││ ┌pt┐+ <<-so4(u2-) -┌pt─┐│ │
││ │pt│+ na(u+)--->> -│ ││ │
│└───────<<-4oh(u-) ┌─>>─────────┘ │
│ ├──┘+ 4h(u+)────┘ -└───┤ │
└──│─────────────────────────────│──┘
├─── +.3.volt - ──minus───────┤
└────>>──n(e(u-))─>>──────────┘

NaCl.801 grad.fluissigkeit -->Na(u+)+Cl(u-)
plus -->2cl(u-)-->cl2.gas+2e(u-)
minus-->2e(u-)+2Na(u+)-->2na

NaCl.aq -->Na(u+)+Cl(u-),h(u+)+oh(u-)
plus cl(u-)<oh(u-) -->2cl(u-)-->cl2.gas+2e(u-)
minus h(u+) <Na(u+) -->2e(u-)+2h(u+)-->h2.gas
-->Na(u+)+oh(u-)-->Naoh

Naoh.fluissigkeit -->Na(u+)+oh(u-)
plus -->4oh(u-)-->2h2o+o2+4e(u-)
minus-->2e(u-)+2Na(u+)-->2na

Naoh.aq -->Na(u+)+oh(u-),h(u+)+oh(u-)
plus -->4oh(u-)-->2h2o+o2+4e(u-)
minus -->4e(u-)+4h(u+)-->2h2.gas

h2so4.aq -->h(u+)+so4(u2-),h(u+)+oh(u-)
plus oh(u-)<so4(u2-) -->4oh(u-)-->2h2o+o2.gas+4e(u-)
minus -->4e(u-)+4h(u+)-->2h2.gas

Cuso4.aq -->Cu(2u+)+so4(u2-),h(u+)+oh(u-)
plus oh(u-) <so4(u2-) -->4oh(u-)-->2h2o+o2.gas+4e(u-)
minus Cu(u2+)<h(u+) -->4e(u-)+2Cu(2u+)-->2Cu

seite 252
jun-gg junui
k --> k(u+) + e(u-) -2.92
ba--> ba(u2+) + e(u2-) -2.91
ca--> ca(u2+) + e(u2-) -2.87
na--> na(u1+) + e(u1-) -2.71

alkali stahl (s.265)
bijung mp bp flamme Re ion re
(d3)li 0.534 180 1400 rot 1.51(.A) 0.60
(d11)na 0.971 180 1400 rot 1.51(.A) 0.60
li 6.941 na 22.990
!yugi

h h h h h 2
│ │ │ │ 2 │ ┌─┴─c-h
h-c-c-c-h h-c-c─┴──c-h h-c-c │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ h
h h h h h h h h
propane propene propene

h h h h
│ │ │ │
h-c-c-o-h h-c-o-c-h
│ │ │ │
h h h h
c2h5oh ch3och3
ethanol dimethylether

h h2 h h h h
│ ├2 │ 2 │ 2 │ 2 │
h──c───c───c──h h──c┴─c──c──h h──c─┴─c──c──h h──c─┴─c──c──h
│ │ │ ├2 │ ├2 │ ├2
h──c───c───c──h h──c┬─c──c──h h──c─┬─c──c──h h──c─┬─n──c──h
│ ├2 │ 2 │ 2 │ 2
h h2 h h h
c6h12 c6h6
cyclo hexan das benzol das benzol pyridine

─┬───┴───┬─ch3
│benzol │
─┴───┬───┴─
c6h5ch3 mp=-95
toluene bp=110.8
musaig banghyang
fluissigkeit
s.411
ch3 ch3 ch3
─┬─┴─┬─ch3 ─┬─┴─┬─ ─┬─┴─┬─ ─┬─┴─┬─┴─┬─ ─┬─┴─┬─┴─┬─┴─┬─
│bz │ │bz │ │bz │ │bz │bz │ │bz │bz │bz │
─┴─┬─┴─ ─┴─┬─┴─ch3 ─┴─┬─┴─ ─┴─┬─┴─┬─┴─ ─┴─┬─┴─┬─┴─┬─┴─
bp=144 bp=139 ch3 mp=81 bp=210 mp=218 bp=342
c6h4(ch3)2 bp=139 c10h8 c14h10
xylene naphthalen antracene
ch3 ch3 ch3 oh ch3 c6h5ch3 + 3hono2 + h2so4
┬┴┬oh ┬┴┬ ┬┴┬ ┬┴┬┴┬ ┬┴┬┴┬oh no2┬┴┬no2 │
│b│ │b│ │b│ │b│b│ │b│b│ │b│ ┌─<<┘ 12co + 5h2 + 3n2 + 2c
┴┬┴ ┴┬┴oh ┴┬┴ ┴┬┴┬┴ ┴┬┴┬┴ ┴┬┴ └┐ *2 │
cresol oh mp=96 mp=123 no2 │ ┌──>>─┴─┘
191 203 202 naphthol t.n.t │ │ mp=82
c6h4(oh)ch3 c10h7oh c6h2(no2)3ch3

oh c6h5oh + 3hono2 + h2so4 seite 420
no2┬┴┬no2 │
│b│ ┌─<<┘
┴┬┴ └┐
no2 │
picric │ acid
c6h2(no2)3oh

┬┴┬cooh ┬┴┬co.och3 ┬┴┬c-c-ch3 cl┬┴┬─┐h┐ ┌─┬┴┬─cl
│b│ │b│ jintong │b│└h├2 │b│ └ c─┘ │b│
┴┬┴o.coch3 ┴┬┴oh ┴┬┴oh└─o ┴┬┴ │ ┴┬┴
aspirin met. salic. acetanilade cl-c-cl
d.d.t └ cl
hochch2nhch3
┬┴┬
│b│
┴┬┴oh
oh
adrenalin

!pododang
s.441
ch2oh ┌oh
ho ├─h h─c─h oh
│ ├2 │ │
h──c───c───o h──c───o───c─h
│ │ │ │
h──c───c───c──h h──c───c───c──h
│ ├2 │ │ ├2 │
ho ├h ho ho ├h ho
ho ho
c6h12o6.h2o
pododang glucose


ch2oh ch2oh ch2oh
ho ├─h ho ├─h ho ├─h
│ ├2 │ ├2 │ ├2
h──c───c───o h─c───c───o h─c───c───o
│ │ │ │ │ │ .........
h──c───c───c──o──c───c───c─o──c───c───c
│ ├2 │ │ ├2 │ │ ├2 │
ho ├h h ho ├h h ho ├h h
ho ho ho
seite 444

nh2 h h o h h o ch3 nh2 h
2 │ 2 │ │ 2─┤ 2 │ │ 2─┤ │ 2 │ │
n─┴─c──c──n─┴─c h n───c──c──n─┴─c n───c──c n─┴─c──c
│ ├2 ┌──┘ │ │ ├2 ┌──┘ │ ├2 │ ├2
h──c─┬─n──c───n──h h─n─c─┬─n──c───n──h o─┬─c───n──c o─┬─c───n──c
2 2 2 h─┘ h┘ 2 h─┘ h┘
adenine guanine thymine cytosine

h o h
│ 2─┤ │
n───c──c
│ ├2
o─┬─c───n──c
2 h─┘ h┘
uracil

purinbasen->a,g pyrimidinbasen->c,t,u
dna -at,gc
rna -au,gc

dna-gatc
rna-cuag (peonggyun 1.2kb)

43*10^6kd.dna=<>76*10^6b=76mb
1kb=0.34micro.m=660kd

e.coli 4*10^6 1.4mm 1=yeomsaigchesu
hyomo 1.4*10^7 4.6mm 16 ;(s.cerevisiae)
chopari 1.7*10^8 56mm 4 ;(d.melanogaser)
man 3.9*10^9 990mm 23

adenine seite.427

!dns [desoxyribo nuklein saiure]

┌───────────────────────┐ ┌─────────────────────┐
│ h o ch3 ┌┘ ┌┘ nh2 h │
│ │ 2─┤ │ ┌┘ ┌─┘ 2 │ 2 │ │
────┼───┐ n───c──c ┌─┘ ┌┘ n─┴─c──c──n─┴─c │
│ │ 2 │ ├2 └─┐ └┐ │ ├2 ┌──┘ │
│ │ o─┴─c───n──c └┐ └─┐ h──c─┬─n──c───n─────┼─────
│ └─────────┘ h┘ └─┐ └┐ 2 │
└────────────────────────┘ └─────────────────────┘
thyminerest adeninrest

┌───────────────────────┐ ┌─────────────────────┐
│ nh2 h ┌┘ ┌┘ h o h │
│ 2 │ │ ┌┘ ┌─┘ │ 2─┤ 2 │ │
────┼───┐ n─┴─c──c ┌─┘ ┌┘ h n───c──c──n─┴─c │
│ │ 2 │ ├2 └─┐ └┐ │ │ ├2 ┌──┘ │
│ │ o─┴─c───n──c └┐ └─┐ h─n─c─┬─n──c───n────┼─────
│ └─────────┘ h┘ └─┐ └┐ 2 │
└────────────────────────┘ └─────────────────────┘
cytosinerest guaninrest
┌──────────────┐
─┼ch2─c───o───c─┼─ ┌───┼─────┐
│ ├2 2┤ │ │ 2┌o │
│ └─c──c──┘ │ │o┴p─o[u-]│
│ └o └h │ │ └o │
└───────┼──────┘ └───┼─────┘
phosphoraiuerrest
desoxyriboserest
h2o
h──┴────┐ ┌──────────────┐
┌───┼─────┐ oh ─┼ch2─c───o───c─┼─atgc
│ 2┌o │ │ ├2 2┤ │
│o┴p─oh │ │ └─c──c──┘ │
│ └o │ │ └o └h │
└───┼─────┘ └───────┼──────┘
h phosphor.

adenosin
ribose
hoch2─c───o────c─adeni
├2┌h ┌h 2┤
h─┴─c──c───┴─h
└oh└oh

a=[phosphoraiuerrest] b=[desoxyriboserest]
c=[thyminerest] d=[adeninrest] e=[cytosinerest] f=[guaninrest]

┌─┐ ┌─┐
│a│ ┌─┐ ┌────────┐ ┌──────┐ ┌─┐ │a│
└─┴──┤b├───┤c ┌──┘ ┌─┘ d├──┤b├──┴─┘
┌─┬──┴─┘ └─────┘ └────────┘ └─┴──┬─┐
│a│ ┌─┐ ┌────────┐ ┌──────┐ ┌─┬──┤a│
└─┴──┤b├───┤e ┌──┘ ┌─┘ f├──┤b│ └─┘
┌─┬──┴─┘ └─────┘ └────────┘ └─┴──┬─┐
│a├──┬─┐ ┌────────┐ ┌──────┐ ┌─┬──┤a│
└─┘ │b├───┤c ┌──┘ ┌─┘ d├──┤b│ └─┘
└─┘ └─────┘ └────────┘ └─┘

┌ribose─┐ ┌─atgc──┐
└────coh┘+└hn─────┘->
┌h3po4─┐ ┌ribose─┐ ┌─atgc──┐
└────oh┘+└hoc───c┴─┴n──────┘->
┌h2po4─┐ ┌ribose─┐ ┌─atgc──┐
└────o─┴─┴──c───c┴─┴n──────┘->

┌h2po4─┐ ┌ribose─┐ ┌─atgc──┐
└───poh┴─┴──c───c┴─┴n──────┘
┴┴───┐
┌──po4─┐ ┌hoch2 ─┐ ┌─atgc──┐
└───p──┴─┴ribose ┴─┴n──────┘
└─────┐
┌──po4─┐ ┌och2───┐ ┌─atgc──┐
└───p──┴─┴ribose ┴─┴n──────┘
└─────┐
┌h2po4─┐ ┌och2───┐ ┌─atgc──┐
└────o─┴─┴ribose ┴─┴n──────┘

pentos (c5h10o5) =ribose
hoh2c─ch─hcoh─ch2─hcoh─o
└────────────────┘
yugiyeomgi─┬>nyukleosid─┬>nukleotid─>hiagsan
pentos ─┘ h3po4 ─┘

guanilsan=guanylic acid

┌h2po4─┐ ┌ribose─┐ ┌─guanin┐
└────o─┴─┴och2s ┴─┴n──────┘

atp+h2o=adp+h3po4+12kcal/mol

!proteinsynthese
s.115
proteinsynthese im zytoplasma der zelle
a3,m-rna
messenger-rna
└a└u└g└a└g└c...
a1
aminosaiuren
└a└g└c

!trna
a2,t-rna,transfer-rna
;73-93 nyukleotid,choiso 32t-rna
;5-...gccgp ,3-...acca

uuu <--anticodon
├┼┼┐ ┌┐
┌─┴┴┴┴┐┘│
│┌──┬┴┴┤│
└┘└─┤ └┘
│┌┘
├┴┤
│ 5
3phe <--aminosan

tamgudang.498
x1=4-thiourine(s4u)

(2┬s) 2┬o 2┬o ┌(h) 2┬o
h─n─c─c─h h─n─c─c─(ch3) h─n─c─c┴(h) h─n─c─(nh)
│ 2┤ │ 2┤ │ │┌(h) │ │
o┬c─n─c─h o┬c─n─c─h o┬c─n─c┴(h) o┬c─c─c─h
2 └ribose 2 └ribose 2 └ribose 2 └ribose
x1 ribothymine dihydrouridune psedouridine

2┬o 2 2┬o 2 ┌nh─(ch2ch┬c─ch3)
h─n─c─c─n┴ch (ch3)─n─c─c─n┴ch n─c─c─n┬ch 2└ch3
│ 2┤ │ │ 2┤ │ │ 2┤ 2│
h─c┬n─c─n─┘ nh2─c┬n─c─n─┘ h─c┬n─c─n─┘
2 └ribose 2 └ribose 2 └ribose
inosine (m1g)=1-methylguanosine n6=isopentenyladenosine(i6a)

---- aa.trna ---
┌──cc─a.5ribose3'┬oc────┐
│t-rna │ │amino │
└──────────────┘ └──────┘

amino.+atp-->aa.amp+adp+trna+enz.-->
-->aa.trna+amp+adenosine.pi
----- aa.amp+enz ---
┌─oh.tyr.169 ┌─2┬o──────────┐
│┌o2c.asp38 ┌..h2nc─.gln.195──┘ ┌─his48──┐
│. ┌────────┼─────┐ mc.38.asp.nh└─nh(u+)─┘
│. │ h o │ o(u-)─.....┘┌..┴..┬ho────┐
└....─h─┐ │ ├2 │ │ │ └thr.51┘
. │ h─n─c─c─o───┼─o─p─o─ch2─c───o────c─adenin
└...─h─┘ │ │ ├2 ├2┌h ┌h 2┤
│ ch2 │ o h─┴─c──c───┴─h
│ └benzol │ └oh└oh
│tyrosine│ │ ┌─......┘│ │
│ ┌...h─o┘ │ │ ┌..┘ .
└─┼─────┼──────┘ ┌──sh───┐ │ .
│ └..┐ └cys.35─┘2│ │
┌─co2───┐┌──ho ──┐ ┌───────c┴o─┐┌─hn─────────┐
│asp.176││tyr34 │ └─mc.36.gly─┘└─mc.192.gly─┘
└───────┘└───────┘

stryer.778
pr1.
thr40─oh─......─────┐
his45─nh─......────┐│
tyr─cooh─....pi─pi(oo)─pi
└─ribose─adenin
pr2.
tyr─coo──────pi + pi(xx)─pi
└─ribose─adenin

!ribosome ,r-rna
;ueonhaigsaingmul 70s-50s,30s 21nm
50s-3000nu,34pro 30s-1500nu,21pro
;jihaig " 80s-60s,40s 22nm
┌───────┐
│ │
│ │
└┐ ┌┘
augcgacgu...m-rna
└a2└a2└a2
met.arg...┘
┌──┘ └──┐
│ │
│ │
│ │
│ │
┴───────────┘

zellkern │ ribosome
dna(m-rna )─> m-rna
│ └a2└a2...

augcgacgu...m-rna
└a2└a2
met.arg...┘

ueonhaigsepo
a1=chogjinyujeonja
a2=rna polymerase
├ a1 a2 ───dna──────────┤
┌──<<┘
┌──┬─16s┬┬trna┬┬─23s┬┬5s─trna───┐
└──┴rna─┴┴────┴┴────┴┴──────────┘
16s[1540nu.] + 21 pro. ->30s
23s[2900nu.] + 5s[120nu.] + 31pro.->50s
s.586
jinhaigsepo
a3=gongganja
├ a1 a2 ───dna──────────┤
┌──<<┘
┌─18s─a3─5.8s─a3──28s──┐ 5s──┐
└───rna────────────────┘ ────┘
18s[1900nu.] + 33 pro. ->40s
28s[4800nu.] +5.8s[160nu.] + 50pro.->60s
-->80s

code-lexikon ;dtv.s.44
a-u-g ;met startcondon
a-u-acu ;ile
a-c-gacu ;thr
a-a-cu ;asn
a-a-ga ;lys
a-g-cu ;ser
a-g-ga ;arg
g-u-gacu; val
g-c-gacu;ala
g-a-cu;asp
g-a-ga;glu
g-g-gacu;gly
u-u-cu; phe
u-u-ga;leu
u-c-gacu;ser
u-a-cu;tyr
u-a-ga;stopcondons uaa,uag,uga
u-g-cu;cys
u-g-a ;stopcodons
u-g-g;trp
c-u-gacu;leu
c-c-gacu;pro
c-a-cu;his
c-a-ga;gln
c-g-gacu;arg

!aminosaiuren

ph=11
2┬2h r┐ 2┬o
n─────ch─co(u-)
ph=7
3┬3h r┐ 2┬o
n(u+)─ch─co(u-)
ph=1
3┬3h r┐ 2┬o
n(u+)─ch─coh

a=h(u+) ;stryer.23
maldan carbogsilgi
─cooh <-> coo(u-)+a pk=3.1
asp,glu ─cooh <-> coo(u-)+a pk=4.4
his┬nh(u+) <-> his┬n pk=6.5
3 3
maldan aminogi
─nh3(u+) <-> nh2+a pk=8.0
cys─sh <-> cys─s(u-) + a pk=8.5
tyr─oh <-> tyr─o(u-) + a pk=10.0
lys─nh3(u+) <-> lys─nh2 + a pk=10.0
arg─2─nh2(u+) <-> arg─2─nh+a pk=12.0

hydropathy=(membrane+amino.-->cytosol+amino.)
membrane(=3nm)=20.amino.alpha helix ;stryer.321
+20kcal < in membrane
kcal/mol
phe=3.7 met=3.4 ile=3.1 leu=2.8
val=2.6 cys=2.0 trp=1.9 ala=1.6

thr=1.2 gly=1.0 ser=0.6 pro=-0.2
tyr=-0.7 his=-3.0 gln=-4.1 asn=-4.8
glu=-8.2 lys=-8.8 asp=-9.2 arg=-12.3

dipeptid
┌h┌h ┌h┌h
h─n─c─cooh h─n─c─cooh
└r └┬──┘ └r
└>h2o[hydrolyse kondensation]
a11
nh2rchcooh
┌───────────┐
│ ┌h┌h ├─>a10
│h─n─c─cooh │
│ └──────┼─r
└───────────┘
a10.
3┬3h r┐ 2┬o
n(u+)─ch─co(u-)

polypeptid a11─a11─a11─a11─...

;essentielen Aminosaiuren
;die dem koirper mit der Nahrung zugefuihrt werden muissen
argin a10─(ch2)3nhc─nh2
2┴nh2(u+)
histidin
a10─ch2─c─┬ch
│ 2│
hn nh(u+)
└ch┴2
lysin a10─(ch2)4nh3(u+)

isoleucin a10─ch─ch2ch3
└ch3
leucin a10─ch2ch─ch3
└ch3
methionin a10─(ch2)2s─ch3
phenylalanin a10─ch2─benzol
threonin a10─ch(ch3)oh
tryptophan
a10─ch2─ch──benzol
2┴ch──nh─┘
a10─ch2─ch───c─(ch)4┐
│ 2┴c─────┘
2┴ch─nh┘
valin a10─ch(ch3)ch3

;nicht essentielen Aminosaiuren
;koirper aus anderen amino. selbst herstellen kann.
alanin a10-ch3
asparagin a10─ch2conh3
asparaginsaiure a10─ch2cooh
cystein a10-ch2sh
glutaminsaiure a10─(ch2)2cooh
glutamin a10─(ch2)2conh2
glycin a10─h
prolin
nh2(u+)─ch─coo(u-)
└3(ch2)─┘
serin a10-ch2oh
thyrosin a10─ch2-benzol─oh

gly;gajang dandan,myeongju,agyo,hyeolcheon protein
phe;2-5 percent in protein
met;s,kajein,hyomo
cys;s,mobal,yangmo,bbul
val;kongnamul
leu;29 percent in hemoglobin

zersetzun punkt(grad,pl) ,
wasser loislichkeit 25grad in g/100ml h2o

gly 233 5.97 25g
ala 297 6.00 16.7
val 315 6.07 8.9
leu 293 5.98 2.4
ile 284 5.94 4.1
met 280 5.74 3.4
cys 240 28
glu 247 3.22 0.86
phe 283 5.48 3.0

!atp [adenosin-triphosphat]
!atpase
┌───────────────────────┐
│ ┌h ┌h │ o┬2 o┬2 o┬2
│ adenin─c───o───c──ch2─┼o─p─o────p─o────p─oh
│ │ │ │ └o[u-] └o[u-] └o[u-]
│ └─c────c┘ ├─>r
│ ├2 ├2 │
│ oh┴h oh┴h │
└───────────────────────┘
atp+h2o<->adp+phosphation+energy
atp+h2o=adp+h3po4+12kcal/mol
s.116
atp
o┬2 o┬2 o┬2
r─o─p─o────p─o────p─oh
└o[u-] └o[u-] └o[u-]

adp phosphation
o┬2 o┬2 o┬2
r─o─p─o────p─o───h + ho─p─oh
└o[u-] └o[u-] └o[u-]

a1
┌──>>hoh.out
o┬2 o┬2 ┌─┴──┐ o┬2
r─o─p─o────p─o───h + ho─.p─oh
└o[u-] └o[u-] │└o[u-]
└───>>──────┘
a2
o┬2 o┬2 o┬2
r─o─p─o────p─o────.p─oh
└o[u-] └o[u-] │└o[u-]
┌─>>──┘ │
│┌┬────>>───┘
hoh
a2(atp)=a1(adp+pi)+12kcal/mol

po3po3po3─o─ch2.ribose─adenin <-atp
--> po3┬─ch2.ribose─┐ <-camp
└─┴o───────────┘
!atpase
f1=380kd (56kd+52kd)*3 34kd 14kd 6kd
f.zwischen -> 10kd.f1 23kd 8kd
f0=25kd 21kd 12kd 8kd -proton channel
l=light , t=tight , o=open
s.11-16 ; mitochondria atpase

┌─ ┌l┐ ┌─
│ ┌o┐│┌t┐ │ ┌─o──┬─l──┬─t──┐
f1 │ │││ │ f1 │55kd│55kd│55kd│
│ │ ├┤│ │ │ │52kd│52kd│52kd│
│ └┬┘│└┬┘ │ │34kd│14kd│ 6kd│
└─ └┐│┌┘ │ └─┬──┴─┬──┴──┬─┘
┌─ ┌┴┴┴┐ └─ └───┐│┌────┘
│ │f0 │ ┌┼┼┼┐<--- 8kd,23kd,10kd
│ │ │ ┌─ ┌───┴┴┴┴┴──┐
└─ └───┘ f0 │25,21kd │
│ │12,8kd │
└─ └──────────┘

pr.1
l
──┬─── <- adp+pi
o│t.atp

pr.2
l.adp+pi
──┬─── <- proton flux
o│t.atp

pr.3
t.atp
──┬─── -> atp + h2o
l│o

nh3.syn.
n2+3h2 <--> 2nh3 + (500grad.300atm.fe)
n2=n+n+225kcal/mol
n2+6e(u-)+12atp+12h2o->2nh4(u+)+12adp+12pi+4h(u+)

zucker(hexose)─┬2h─>─┬─>nadh2─┬>
kohlendioxid <─┘ └──nad <─┘
┬─>fmn ─┬>
└─fmnh2<─┘

┌─>nadh+h[u+]──┬─>2h─┬─>fmnh2 ──┬─>2h
└──── atp <────┘ └<<─fmn <──┘

s.288
!photosynthese
!chlorophyll s.105

chl=chlorophyll , emv=redox potential=sanhoa.hoanwueon.potential
co2= 8<->10 yangja
o2.out= 10 yangja =2400.chl

licht─>>karotinoid->chl.b->chl.a.660.670.680.685.690->p680
chl<-2nm->chl licht->p680.95<->99%.10^-12

1.p680=25.chl.bagteria=250.chl.plant=2000.chl.some.bagteria

lhc1=photosystem1=110kd.protein+14.chl.a
lhc2=photosystem2=28kd.protein+3.chl.a+3.chl.b

h2o ->> e(u-) ->> nadp
sig.s.135
2h(2+)──>>┐
nadp(u+)─>>─┴nadph
│ ┌<<─p700.emv.-0.6v─<<─┐
┌─>>────┴─2e(u-) └──a0->a1->fe-sx───┐ │
┌─<<─h2o └──fnr──<<─fd ─<<─── fe-sb.fe-sa ─<<─┘ │
│ │ │
│ p680.emv.-0.9v └───>>────┐ │
│ │└─>>pheo.emv.-0.5v──┐ ┌─cyt.b6─┐ │
│ │ ┌─qa.emv.-0v─<<─┘ │ │ │
│ │ └─>>──qb───────┐ │ │ │
├─┬>>┘ │ pqh2─>>└─cyt.f──┴─>>pc ──>>──┼
│ │ │ │ │
│ p680.emv.+1.0v└<<──pq─<<─┤ p700.emv.+0.4v────┘
│ ┌──┐ │ ┌──┐
│┌┴──┴┐<<─licht─┐ ┌─<<───┘ ┌┴──┴┐<<─licht─┐
│└lhc2┘<<─licht─┘ 2h(u+) └lhc1┘<<─licht─┘
│ │
│ ┌──<<───────┘
├─>>2h(u+)─┐ │ ┌───────┐─<<─adp + pi
└─>>o2 ├─┘┌────┤ │
└>>│cf0 │ cf1 ├──>>─ h(u+)
└────┤ │
└atpase─┴──>>────atp

!chloroplast
a=granum,b=stromathylakoid,c=thylakoid

────────────┐
┌> ┌c─┐ └─┐
│ ├c─┤ └─┐
a ├c─┤ │
│ ├c─┤ ┌─c─┐ │
└>┌─┴──┴──┴───┴─┐ │
└─b─────┬───┬─┘ │
├───┤ │
┌───────┴───┴─┐ │
└─────────────┘ │
┌┘
──doppelmembrane┘

a=photosystem2,b=photosystem1,c=protein
a1=thylakoid
nadp(u+)+2h(u+)+2e(u-)-->nadph+h
┌┐ ┌┐ 4e(u-) │
┌─┼┼────┼┼┬┬┬┬─│─┐ │
│ ││c┐c┐┌─>>───┘ │ │
│ ││││││││││││ │ │
│ │──>>─┘│c┘c┘ │ │
├─┼┼┴┴┴┴┼┼─────┐ │┌─┐ │
│ a┘ b┘ ┌─┼─┼┤ │ │
│ │ ┌────>>──>>──┘
│┌┴─>>─┐ │ └─┼─┼┤ │
││ o2+4h(u+) │ │└─┘
││ └─┐ +│ │-
│2h2o │++++++++│ │-
└─────┼────a1──┴─┘
│--------
└──>>out

lichtreaction
┌───12h2o.in+12nadp(+)+n(adp+pi)────<<──┐
└─>>6o2.out+12(nadph+h(u+))+n(atp)─┐ │
dunkelreaction ┌───<<────────────┘ │
┌─<<──12(nadph+h(u+))+n(atp)+co2.in │
└──n(adp+pi)+12nadp(+)+6h2o.out+c6h12o6.out

!glucose
(0.1%).in blood
(c6h10o5)n+h2o+acid+heat --> nc6h12o6
c6h12o6.aq+zymase -->2c2h5oh.aq.alcohol+2co2+23kcal s.441

┌oh┌h ┌oh┌h ┌h ┌h
h─1c─2c─3c─4c─5c─c─oh
│ └oh└h └oh │ └h
└────o──────┘
alpha glucose

2┬o ┌h ┌oh┌h ┌h ┌h
h─1c─2c─3c─4c─5c─c─oh
└oh└h └oh└oh└h
aldehid+h2o

2┬o ┌h ┌h
h─1c─2c─3c─oh
└oh└h
d-glyceraldehyde

6co2+12h2o<->c6h12o6+6o2+6h2o e=2870kj/mol

lichtreaktion
680nm und 700nm
h2o+nadp[u+]+[dn]adp+[dn]p->
->nadph+h[u+]+[dn]atp+1/2o2

dunkelreaktion
co2+2nadph+2h[u+]+3atp->
->hcoh+h2o+3adp+3p+2nadp[u+]
└2
dark reaction ;co2 fix,calvin cycle

3co2+3rubp-->3pga*6 + 12.4kcal/mol
rubp=ribulose bisphosphate=ribulose 1.5-diphosphate
a1=rubp carboxylase=rubisco
3pga=3-phosphoglyceric acid

a1.rubp+co2 --->a1.rubp.co2 ------>a1+3pga*2
ch2opo3(u2-) ch2opo3(u2-) ch2opo3(u2-)
│ 2 │ │
┌>>c┬o o┴c.c┬o h─c─oh
│ │2 o(u-)┘ │2 └coo(u-)
│ hc─oh hc─oh
│ │ │ ┌coo(u-)
│ hc─oh hc─oh h─c─oh
│ └ch2opo3(u2-) └ch2opo3(u2-) └ch2opo3(u2-)
└──co2

a1;in chloroplast ,16% in protein,55kd*8+15kd*8
b=55kd , c=15kd
┌c┐
┌┴┬┴┐
┌┤b│b├┐
c├─┼─│c
└┤b│b├┘
└┬┴┬┘
└c┘
┌┬┬─┬┬┐
cb│c│bc
├┼┼─┼┼│
cb│c│bc
└┴┴─┴┴┘

!chlorophyll s.105


h
chch2───c─────c─┐ │ ┌c──────c─────ch3
├2 │ └┬─c────┘├2 ├2
ch3─────c──c──n 2 n─c────c─────ch2ch3
├2 │ ├2
h─c └────mg────┐ c─h
┌h │2 │ │
ch3─────c──c┴─n 2 n─c──┬─c─────ch3
│ │ ┌┴─c──┐ │ 2 │
┌───────c─────c─┘ │ └──c──────c
ch2 └h │ │
│ c─────c┬o
ch2 │ 2
│ └─cooch3
cooc20h39

─ cooc20h39
2┬o 2┬h2 2
─c─o─c─ch┴c─(ch2)3─ch─(ch2)3─ch─(ch2)3-ch─ch3
└ch3 └ch3 └ch3 └ch3

!haim.105


h
chch2───c─────c─┐ │ ┌c──────c─────ch3
├2 │ └┬─c────┘├2 ├2
ch3─────c──c──n 2 n─c────c─────chch2
├2 │ ├2
h─c └────fe────┐ c─h
┌h │2 │ │
ch3─────c──c┴─n 2 n─c──┬─c─────ch3
│ │ ┌┴─c──┐ │ 2 │
┌───────c─────c─┘ │ └──c──────c
ch2 └h h │
│ ch2
ch2 │
│ ch2
cooh │
cooh

!enzyme
!chymotrypsin
!ribonuclease a
[!carbonic anhydrase]
!dnase-1
[!ligase.stryer.693]
!calmodulin
s.7-34
a=acid groups(proton donors)
b=base groups(proton accepters)

---a---- ---b---
-cooh --> -coo(u-)
─sh --> ─s(u-)
tyr─oh --> tyr─o(u-)
-nh3(u+) --> ─nh2
his┬nh(u+) --> his┬n
3 3
----- nucleophilic group ---
ser─ch2─oh ──┐
cys─ch2─sh ──┤
─his┬n ──<<──┘
3

!calmodulin
calmodulin=17kd
asp─coo(u-)──┐2─┐
glu─coo(u-)──┤2─┤
─c┬o ─────┘1─┤
2 │
ca(u2+)──.....──┘

parvalbumin=12kd=in ingeo guunyug
asp─coo(u-)──┐2
glu─coo(u-)──┤2
asp─coo(u-)──┤2
h2o──────┤1
crbonil-o────┤1
┌──<<────┘
│
┌─ 8(o)───┐
│ ca(u2+) │
└─────────┘

egta=etylen glicol bis tetra asetsan
┌──ca(u2+)┐
└───┐ ┌───┘
┌─ch2coo│ │oocch2─┐
┌─n─ch2coo└─┘oocch2─n──┐
└─ch2─o─2(ch2)─o─2(ch2)┘

!a23187
!fura2
!aequorin=aikuorin

!chymotrypsin
polypeptid + h(u+).(6n.hcl) or oh(u-).(6n.naoh)
+ 110grad+20<->96uhr --> n(peptid)
a1=chymotrypsin,a2=ser.195,a3=his.57
kimyunsu.7-40

pr1. pr2.
┌nh3(u+) ┌nh3(u+)
│ 2┬o┌h┌r1 │ 2┬o┌h┌r1
r─ch─c─n─ch─coo(u-) r─ch─c─n─ch─coo(u-)
┌!!┘ ┌<<┘ └──<<────┐
│┌─>>──┐ │ ┌h(u+)─┘
oh.....n┬c─nh o(u-) n┬c─nh
├a2 │2└h├a3 ├a2 │2└h├a3
ch2 c─┬─c ch2 c─┬─c
├──────┤ 2 ├──────┤ 2
└a1────┘ └a1────┘
pr3. pr4.
┌nh3(u+) ┌nh3(u+)
│ 2┬o┌h┌r1 │ 2┬o
r─ch─c n─ch─coo(u-) r─ch─c─oh
┌──┘ └h
│<<────────h2o
o(u-) n┬c─nh oh.....n┬c─nh
├a2 │2└h├a3 ├a2 │2└h├a3
ch2 c─┬─c ch2 c─┬─c
├──────┤ 2 ├──────┤ 2
└a1────┘ └a1────┘

stryer.238,261,(k.y.s).7-40
┌ser.195─┐ ┌─his.57┐ ┌─asp.102─┐
└┬─────oh...└─n nh─┘..└─o(u-)oc─┘
│
┌┴asp.194─┬─gly.193
└─coo(u-)─┘
│ ┌──il.16─┐
└..─└─nh2────┘

s.7-42
┌─── carboxypeptidase ─────────┐
│ his.69...─zn(u2+)─┐ │
│ glu.72....┤┌──────┘ │
│ his.196...┘│ │
│ ┌─...──┘ arg.145(u+)─┐ │
└─────┼────────────────────┼┐ │
┌──┼──c-terminal───┐ ││ │
│ o┬2 ┌r1 │ ││ │
───┼───c─n─ch─coo(u-)─┼....┘│ │
└───┼─┼────────────┘ │ │
┌──────┼─┼──────────────────┘ │
│ │ └h──........───┐ │
│ │ tyr.248.oh──┘ │
│ └──.........─────┐ │
│ glu.270.coo(u-)──┘ │
└──────────────────────────────┘

!carboxypeptidase-a ;stryer.230
=307.amino=50*42*38ongs
glu.270─coo(u-)─┐
┌──......────┘┌move.12ongs
│ ┌─o(u-)─┴....─ho─tyr.248
└─────┼───────────┐ │
o│ ┌r.tyr │ └..┐
2┴c─ch─nh──y──c─ch─nh─────
┌────>>──────────┘ 2┴o└r.gly
│ zn(u2+)─....──┤
h2o──......──┤┌─...───┘
his.196─n─...┤│
his.69──n─..─┤│
glu.72─o(u-)─┤│
n(h2o)─.....─┘│
arg.127.nh2(u+)

y--->
─nh3+ y +ooc─

a=glucose,b=lysozyme,s.7-42
pr1
┌───b─────┐
│asp.52 │
└─ooc(u-)─┘
───────────────────────┐
─o─┬───┬─o─┬───┬─o───┼─
└─a─┘ │ └─a─┘ │
───────────┼───────────┘
┌─>>──┘
h2o─┴....─┬ooc(u-)──┐
│glu.35 │
└───b─────┘
pr2
┌b────────┐
│asp.52 │
└─ooc(u-)─┘
┌──────────┐┌──────────┐
│ ─o─┬──oh││ho┬───┬─o─┼─
│ └─a─┘││ └─a─┘ │
└──────────┘└──────────┘

┌ooc(u-)──┐
│glu.35 │
└───b─────┘

!ribonuclease a
stryer.225,tamgudang.1342
chuejang.rnase=ribonuclease a
a1=1'─(u,c) ,a2=ribose

2┬o
─┬─3'o───.p─o── h2c.5'─┬─
└┬─┬┘ ││ └────┬─┘
│ └oh │o(u-) │
a1 └─<<┘ 1'base

pr1.

┌───a2──┬1'u,c
o3'────┬┘
│ ┌─oh───────>n.his.12
│┌─>>┘
2┬.p─o(u-)
o│
│<<───────────hn(u+).his.1
o
│
h2c.5'─┬1'base
└────┬─┘
oh

pr2.

┌───────┬1'u,c
o3'────┬┘
│ ┌─o hn(u+).his.12
│┌───┘ └<<──┐
2┬.p─o(u-)....│....h3n(u+).lys.41
o│ hoh
└─<<──────┴┘
┌h n.his.119
o
│
h2c.5'─┬1'base
└────┬─┘
oh
pr3.

┌───────┬1'u,c
o3'────┬┘
│ oh hn(u+).his.12
│
2┬p─o(u-).........h3n(u+).lys.41
o└oh

┌h n.his.119
o
│
h2c.5'─┬1'base
└────┬─┘
oh

[!carbonic anhydrase]
carbonic anhydrase=tansan talsuso hyoso
=in erythrocyte=30000dalton.

pr1 ┌h
his─┬─zn(u2+)....o─h
his─┤ │ ┌<<┘
his─┘ └....o┬c┬o
2 2
pr2
his─┬─zn(u2+)┌....h(u+)
his─┤ │ │ ┌oh
his─┘ └....o(u-)─c┬o
2
stryer.690
!dnase-1
dnase 1=30kd
pr1.
lys.nh3(u+)......po3(u-)┐
arg.nh3(u+)......po3(u-)┤
2*lys.nh3(u+)....po3(u-)┤
3*arg.nh3(u+)....po3(u-)┤
┌─────────────────────┘
├───a2──┬1'base
o3'─────┘
│ hoh──>> n|nh─┐...ooc(u-)─┐
│┌─<<───┴┘ his.131─┘ glu.75─┘
2┬.p─o(u-)
o│ └.....ca(u2+)
o
│
ch2.5'─┬1'base
└──────┘
pr2.
┌─────────────────────┘
├───a2──┬1'base
o3'─────┘
└(u-)<<───hn(u+)|nh─┐...ooc(u-)─┐
┌─oh his.131─┘ glu.75─┘
2┬.p─o(u-)
o│ └.....ca(u2+)
o
│
ch2.5'─┬1'base
└──────┘
pr3.
┌─────────────────────┘
├───a2──┬1'base
o3'─────┘
└h n|nh─┐...ooc(u-)─┐
┌─oh his.131─┘ glu.75─┘
2┬.p─o(u-)
o│ └.....ca(u2+)
o
│
ch2.5'─┬1'base
└──────┘

[!ligase.stryer.693]
pr1.
ligase + atp -->
pr2.
ligase.lys─nh2(u+)─amp +ppi -->
pr3.
ligase.amp + pi.5'dna -->
2┬
ligase.lys─nh2(u+)─.p─o─adenin─ribose
┌─>>──┘ │└o(u-)
ho┐ ┌─>>─┘
dna.5'ch2─o─p─o(u-)
2┴o
pr4.
ligase+amp.pi.5'dna -->
2┬o
ligase.lys─nh3(u+) ┌p─o─adenin─ribose
│└o(u-)
o(u-)┐ ┌────┘
dna.5'ch2─o─p─o
2┴o
pr5.
ligase+dna.3'oh+amp.pi.5'dna
┌───>>──────┐
│┌──>>o(u-) │o
││ │ │├2
──┬──3'oh ┌o──p─o─.p─o┬ch2.5'─┬──
└─dna─┘ │ 2┴o │ └──dna──┘
adenin─ribose o(u-)
pr6.
ligase+dna.3'o─pi.5'dna
┌───────────┐
│ oh │o
│ │ │├2
──┬──3'o ┌o──p─┐ └p─o┬ch2.5'─┬──
└─dna─┘ │ 2┴o│ │ └──dna──┘
adenin─ribose o(u-) o(u-)

─┌──┬──┐
├──┼──┤
└──┴──┘

!biologie
!membrane !protein_move
!gross !triagliserol
!zellen !peptid->syn.
!verdauung
!ligase !atmung
[!zeller immunity]
[!hormon->protein syn.]
!receptor
!genom
!virus !e.coli

!triagliserol
gauul newingland->seoindojedo (2400km)
60hr.40km->2400km

!membrane
!size_membrane
!na_k_pump
!symport
!gap_junktion
!mitochondria

!size_membrane
60-100 onstrom.d
ueonhyeongjil mag-pumps,gates,receptor,enzym - 50%
mitochondria,chloroplast-75%.protein

phosphatidylserin 10%.in
phosphatidylcholine 22%.out.9%.in
phosphatidylethanolamine 6%.out25%.in
sphingomyelin 20%.out.5%.in

---- jinhaig sepomag injijil
--a1
┌o──c─12(ch2)─ch3
r─ch 2┴o 2┬o
└ch2─o──c─12(ch2)─ch3

phosphatidylserin
o┬2┌nh3(u+)┌o(u-)┌o──c─12(ch2)─ch3
┌──c─c─ch2─o─p─ch2─ch 2┴o 2┬o
o(u-)└h 2┴o └ch2─o──c─12(ch2)─ch3

phosphatidylcholine
ch3─┬(u+) ┌o(u-)
ch3─n─2(ch2)─o─p─ch2─a1
ch3─┘ 2┴o

phosphatidylethanolamine
h─┬(u+) ┌o(u-)
h─n─2(ch2)─o─p─ch2─a1
h─┘ 2┴o

sphingomyelin 2
ch3─┬(u+) ┌o(u-) ┌nh─c─7(ch2)─ch┴─ch─6(ch2)─ch3
ch3─n─2(ch2)─o─p─ch2──ch 2┴o 2
ch3─┘ 2┴o └(choh)─ch┴ch─12(ch2)─ch3

cerebroside 2
┌nh─c─22(ch2)─ch┴ch3
glucose──ch 2┴o 2
└(choh)─ch┴ch─12(ch2)─ch3
cholesterol

!na_k_pump ;9-9

a1=na_k_atpase =270kd.protein
a=95kd,b=40kd,c=sugar unit,d=membrane
e=steroid inhibitor binding sites
f=symport
1atp=3na(u+).out,2k(u+).in
a1+atp+3na(u+)+mg(u2+)<───ion move───>a1.p+adp
a1.p+2k(u+)+h2o ──ion move───>a1+pi

┌─>><<──ion
c │ c
└┤├┘│ ├┘├┘
┌┴┤e│e├─┤
┌─┤b├┐│┌┤b├──────┐
│d└─┘│││└─┘ d │
│ │a│││a│ │
├──└─┘│└─┘───────┤
│ atp│mg(2u+) │
│ ├─<<─na(u+)│
│ └─>>──k(u+)│
│ ┌f┐
│na(u+)+gluco.<─┼┼─┐
│cytosol side └┼┘│
└────────────────┘ │
na(u+).glucose─>>─┘

!ca_pump ;9-12
a1=ca atpase =100kd+55kd.protein
a1+atp+ca(u2+)+mg(u2+)+h2o───ion move───>a1+pi+adp

!symport
a=lactose permease=30kd=4%.membrane.protein
b=respiratory chain
lactose.h(u+)─┐
┌─────┬a─┐ │
+│- ──┬┼──┼─<<─┘
+│- │└──┤
│o2<┐│┌─e│
+│- ┌┼┼┼┐ │
└──┤└┼┘├─┘
└─┼b┘
h(u+)<─┘

!gap_junktion
sepogan muljil tonglo
37kd,17.ongstrom.hole,in.<1kd.guugseonbunja.move
dang,aminosan,nucleotide <1kd< protein,haigsan,dadang
open.10^(-7)mol<nongdo< close.5*10^(-5)mol

!protein_move
19-26
a1=srp=signal recognition particle
240*50 ongs. , 325kd,300nu.rna+6peptide
a2=srp receptor=docking protein=69kd+30kd
a3=er membrane , a4=ziel=signal,a5=signal peptidase

ribosome.n*amino─a4─nh3.srp+cytosol--move----->
ribosome.n*amino─a4─nh3.srp.a2.a3---->
┌─ er ─────────────┐
│n*amino─a4─nh3.a5 │-cut amino.-->
└──────────────────┘
┌─ er ─────────────┐
│n*amino─nh3+a5 │
└──────────────────┘

19-33
a=preseqence=ziel
b=a.61amino.cytochromec1.mitochondria
a.61amino=.-27amino.matrix
protein.b+cytosol --move->mitochondria

aa1=plastocyanin.protein
aa1.a.a.nh2+cytosol+atp --chloroplast membrane-->
aa1.a.nh2+stroma --thylakoid membrane-->aa1+lumen

a=-pro-lys*3-arg-lys-val
protein.a+cytosol --move->protein.a+nuclear

!mitochondria

a=nadh reduktase(fmn+fe-s)=850kd=25.unit
b=succinate-q reduktase (140kd=4.unit) + cytocrome.b.c reduktase (250kd=9.unit)
c=cytochrome c(13kd) + cytochrome oxidase (160kd=8.unit)
d=translocase=30kd*2=14%.in mito.
┌─>>─atp
├─<<─adp
┌────┬┐│┌┬────────────────┬────┐
├────┤d│d├────────────────┘ │
│ └┘│└┘matrix │
│ │
│nadh+h(u+) │
│└┬──>>nad(u+) <<──┐ │
│ │ 3adp │ │
│ │ o+2h(u+) │ │ │
│ │ │ ├ ┌─┼─┐ │
│ │ └┬─>>h2o └─┼─┼─┼─>3atp │
│ ├┐┌┐┌┤- - - - - -└┐│┌┘ │
├─┼┼┼┼┼┼────────────┼┼┼───┐ │
│ ││││││ │││ │ │
│ │a│b│c │││ │ │
└─┴┴┴┴┴┴────────────┴┼┴───┴────┘
│ │ │+ + + + + + │
└──┴─┴──3h(u+)─>>──┘

!gross
1mm
radio wellen
100 micro.m <-- yugan hangye
30 micro.m <-- sangpi sepo
10 " <-- jeogoiseon
8 micro.m <-- jeoghyeolgu
2 micro.m <-- seigyun
1 micro.m =1000nm=10000.ongstrom
0.2m.m 200nm <-- goanghag hyeonmigyeong hangei
100nm (1000 ongstrom) 0.1.micro.m
virus
10nm (100.ongstrom)
protein
1nm (10.ongs) aminosan
0.4nm gamm.x.stralen
0.3nm jeonja hyeonmigyeong hangyeoi
0.1nm=(1.ongs) atom

c-c 1.54ong.
haim 65ong.
rrna 300ong.
dna naseonpulim 10^-6s
enzym-chogmai banuung 10^-3s
protein syn. 100s
bagteria balsaing 1000s

svedberg,1s=10^-13sek
8cm 75000rpm=4.9*10^8cm*s^-2=<>500000g
150kd protein 3.4*10^4cm/s =<>7s

1s
ribohaigsan gasubunhai enzym a (12.4kd)
haim.(68kd)
pibrinogen (330kd)
10s
gross ribosome rna (110kd)
e.coli ribosome (2500kd)
100s
dambai mojaik virus (40000kd)
1000s
bagteria
10000s
sisosom

peptid 110grad 6n.hcl 24h.heat-->gasubunhai
sequenator
edman degradation
a1= phenyl isothiocyanate
a1-protein-->protein + a1-amino
a1-amino=pth-amino ->liquid chromatography
50 amino analy.
gas sequenator
1pmol analy.
1nanogram(10pmol)

1kb=0.34micro.m=660kd

!peptid->syn.

!ligase
ecor1 g*aatt c
c ttaa*g
hind3 a*agct t
t tcga*a
sal-1 g*tcga c
c agct*g
Bamh1 g*gatc c
c ctag*g
sac-1 g*tcga c
c tcga*g

dvgal.dna─┐ecor1 ligase
sv40.dna ─┴──┴──────┴──>> sv40+dvgal.dna

!zellen
[!tierischen zelle]
[!pflanzlichen zelle]

[!tierischen zelle]
a1=yeomsaigjil
er=endoplasmatisches reticulum
a2=jomyeonsopoche=ergastoplasma
=rauches endoplasmatisches reticulum[er]

.=ribosom =ribosomen
a3=rijojom=lysosom
a4=peoogsijom
a5=goljiche=golgiaparat
a6=miseyungmo=mikrovillen
a7=uumseposonang=mikropinocytose
a8=haig=zellkern
a9=mitocondria=mitochondrium
a10=jungsimlip=diplosom
a11=sisteone=cisterne
a12,in,nucleolus

┌─────────────────────
│┌────┐->jungsimlip
│└────┘
│┌haig─....──┐
││┌in─┐ ┌┼┐
││└───┘ └┼┘->haiggyeong
││a1 ├─┤->plug hole
││같? │
││ ->haiggong
││ │
│└─┬┌─....───┘
│┌─┘└.─.─.─┐
│└.─.┐ ┌─.─┘
│┌.──┘ └─a2─┐
│└──.──┐┌───┘
│ ┌──.─┘└─.─┐
│ │ a11 │
│ └─────────┘
│
│ ┌───┐ ->mitocondria
│ ├── │
│ │───┤
│ ├── │
│ │ ──┤
│ └───┘
│ ┌──┐
│ │ │
│ │a7│
│ └┐┌┘
│ ││
┼┬┬┤├┬┬┬┬┬┬┬
││││││││││││->a6

[!pflanzlichen zelle]
a20=aigpo=vakuole
a21=yeobrogche=chloroplasten

┌────────────
│┌a8┐┌─────┐
││ ││ │
│└──┘│ a20 │
│┌───┘ │
││ │
││ │
│└─────────┘
│a21
└────────────

s.431
!nucleolus
1-2 in sepo,0.5-3.0 micro.m
5-10 per. rna,protein,dna
45s rna->35s rna->28s rna->
rna polymerase

[!zeller immunity]
!immunogloblin ;ig , hangche

gansepo
├ golsugu ->[hoyeomgisung,hosanseong,hojungseong]baighyeolgu
├ dangu ->macrophage
└ limpgu ->[t,b]sepo

imuljil
┌segyun
├virus
├gompangi
├protein
│
├>che aigseong immunity
│ rimpsepo[b sepo] ->hoalseonghoa
│ ->hyeongjilsepo[bunbi]->hangche
│ ┌──────────┐ ┌───────────────────┐
│ │limp sepo │->│hoalseonhoa->bunbi │-->hangche
│ └b-sepo────┘ └hyeongjil sepo─────┘
│└┬┘->hangche ┼ ->imuljil
│ ┼ <-gyeolhap
│ └┬┘
│
├>seposeong immunity
┌──────────────┐─┐ ┌────────┐
│virus gamyeom │─┼─┼limpsepo│-->samyeol
└─────sepo─────┘─┘ └t sepo──┘
┌──────────────┐─┐ ┌────────┐
│imuljilmeoguun│─┼─┼limpsepo│
└─maicropaji───┘─┘ └t sepo──┘
└>insik->t-sepo nuun b-sepo rl
hoalseonghoahanunn injarl hapseong,bunbi handa

!immunogloblin ;ig , hangche
!hangche

10^7<->10^9 ig art
IgG ->hyeolyu , IgD ->sepo pyomyeon

---igg
H chain ->gamma1,2,3,4
L chain ->kappa,lambda
6s<->7s 150000
dang -> 2<->3 per.
nongdo (g/l) 12gram
allergy
yonggyun jagyong +
hangvirus +

---igM
H chain ->micro1,2
L chain ->kappa,lambda
19s 900000
dang -> 10 per.
nongdo (g/l) 12gram
allergy -
yonggyun jagyong +++
hangvirus +
jeonsangin 1.5g/l , bangamgi=5tag

---igA
H chain ->alpa1,2
L chain ->kappa,lambda
7s 160000 ,bunbihyeong 400000
dang ->
nongdo (g/l) 2gram
allergy -
yonggyun jagyong +
hangvirus +++
---igD
H chain ->delta
L chain ->kappa,lambda
7s<->8s 180000
dang -> 10 per.
nongdo (g/l) 30.m.gram
allergy -
yonggyun jagyong
hangvirus
---igE
H chain ->ypsilon
L chain ->kappa,lambda
8s 190000
dang -> 10<->12 per.
nongdo (g/l) 0.5.m.gram
allergy +++
yonggyun jagyong
hangvirus

1chauungdab ;IgM
3-4tag piryo , 7<->10 max.
igG jogm
2chauungdab ;igG
hyeolcheong 72 per.

!hangche
alt area -> hangueon gyeolhab
nh2 nh2
┌─┐nh2 nh2┌─┐<┐alt area
│v│┌─┐ ┌─┐│v│ │300.vk.genom->98amino.
├─┤│v│ │v│├─┤ │5.jk.genom->10 amino.
│j││d│ │d││j│ │
├─┤│j│ │j│├─┤<┘
│ ss └──┐┌─┘ ss │<┐constant area
│c│└───┐ss┬──┘│c│ │1.ck.genom=2kb=106 amino.
│ └──┐ │ss┤ ┌─┘ │ │
└────┘ ││││ └───┘<┘
light c││c light ;220 amino.;kappa,lambda
chain ││││ chain ;kappa=vk.jk.ck
││││
└┘└┘
heavy
chain

--- light chain ---
dna ; lk1.vk1.lk2.vk2...300
│ ; jk1...5 , ck1=2kb.genom
└───>>──────┐
b-impagu
transcript ;lk.vk+jk.ck-polyA
m-rna ;vk.jk.ck

300vk*5jk * 300vh*25d*6jh
└─1500──┘ └──4500─────┘
└───67,500,000─────┘

--- heavy chain --

nh2<┐
┌─┐ │lh<┐300.genom
│v│ │vh<┘
│d│ │d <-10<->50 genom
│j│<┘jh<-4.genom
┌─┘ s ch<-8.genom
s┬──┘
s┤
││
│c
││
││
└┘

mhc1 ->jojig geobubanuung,modn gigoan sepoe jonjai,sepomage gojeong
mhc2 ->sepo dlgan yeonlag chogjin,T helper cell, "
mhc3 ->sepo pagoi ll irkinda
dayangseong -> hangche,T suyongche > mhc
mhc dayangseong uun genom uui jaibaiyeole
irueojiji anhuum
hla.genom->2*10^6.genom ->mhc

tamgudang.1073
a=mhc receptor,b=antigen receptor
c=mhc1,d=antigen,e=virus infect cell
f=cd8=34kd
┌────t cell──┐
├─┌┐─a───b───┤
└─││─┼───┼───┘
f│┌┴┐ ┌┴┐
└┘│││┌┘│└┐
┌────┼──┼┼┼──┐
├────c──┴d┴──┤
└────cell──e─┘

a=mhc2 receptor,b=antigen receptor
c=mhc2,d=antigen,
f=cd4=55kd
┌helper t cell─┐
├─┌┐─a───b─────┤
└─││─┼───┼─────┘
f│┌┴┐ ┌┴┐
└┘│││┌┘│└┐
┌────┼──┼┼┼──┐
├────c──┴d┴──┤
└──macrophage┘

[!hormon->protein syn.]
!insulin
a1=globulin a2=hormon a3=haigsuyongche
a4=rna-polymerase , a5=repressor protein

───────────hyeolgoan─────────────────
a1 a2 ┌────────────────────────────
┌──┐┌┐ │ ┌─────hyeongjil mag────
│a1│││─┼─┼─>┌┐-> ┌┐
└──┘└┘ │ │ ││ ┌┤├┐
└<──┤ │ │ └┘ │└┘│
┌┐─>┘ │ │┌─<<──└a3┘
┌┤├┐ │ ││ ┌──────haigmag─────
│└┘│ │ ││ │┌─dna─────┐-->┌─dna──────
└──┘ │ ││ │└─────────┘ └────┬┬┬┬┬─
───────┘ ││ │ a5 a4 ┌─┐ a4
┌───────┘│ │ ┌┐ ┌┤a5 ┌── ┴┴┴┴mrna
│ ┌rrna┐ │ │ ┌┤├┐ ┌┤├┐ │
│ │pro.│ └───>│└┘│──>│└┘│ │
│ │ │ │ │ └a3┘ └a3┘ │
│─┼─┴mrna─ │ │
│ │ ││ └────────────── │ ──────────
│ └────┘└──────────mrna <<──┘
└──────────────────────────────────────

!insulin
insulin receptor=20000no.in poyu sepo
bangamgi 7-12.uhr
--insulin effect
glucose transport in sepo
protein synthesis,cell growth and replication
taia eseo gag gigoan bunhoa jojig jaisaing

insulin receptor=(a=135000.mw)+(b=95000.mw)
c1=insulin
┌──<<─c1
┌┐┌─┐
┌─┼┼┤ ┼─membra.┐
├─┼ss ┼────────┤
│ a┘b─┘ │
│ │ mn(u2+)+atp│
│ ├─tyr<-po4 │
│ └─ser<-po4 │
└──────────────┘

!receptor
10no.g protein founded
a =hormon,b =receptor
c =g protein complex=c1.c2.(c3-gdp)
d=effector
a─>>──┐ d─┐
┌─┬─┬────┬─┬──────────────┼─┼──────────┐
└─┼─┼────┼─┼──────────────┼─┼──────────┘
b┬┘┐ b┬┘┐ ┌─c1 ┌c3 │┌──camp
c─┤ c─┤ -->│ │+│ ├─┤││
gdp gtp │ │ │ │ ││├─active
gdp.out c─c2 c─┤ └│┘
gtp │
atp──>>──┘

o(ch(ch2oh))(choh)3ch─o─
└───────────────────┘

!verdauung
!carbohydrate

s.440
!carbohydrate
pododang( c6h12o6 )
seoltang( c12h22o11 )
nogmal ( (c6h10o5)(dn) )
c(dm)(h2o)(dn)

--dandang
monosaccharide
bulgasu,pododang,goadang,galagtos

--idang
disaccharide
gasubunhai->dubunja dandang
seoltang->pododang+goadang
yeosdang->podo.+podo.
jeosdang->podo.+galagtos

--dadang
gasubunhai->yeoreobunja dandang
nogmal->pododang
glikogen->"
seomyuso->"

--nogmal=starch= (c6h10o5)(dn)
ssal 75-80per.,bori 60-65,ogsusu 65
goguma 13-24,gamja 15-20

amylose,amylopectine
ssal 17 83
chabssal 0 100
mil 24,76
ogsusu 21,79
goguma 22,78

junghabdo(pododanggi su) 100-1000,1000-10000
yongaiguui ggngi jagda,kda
yodbanuung cheong,jeogjasaig

glycogen, (c6h10o5)(dn)
gan 20per.,gnyug 2 per.
└──────┴─(posphorylase enzym)─>gasububhai->pododang

!verdauung
mund
spaltung von polysacchariden
in disaccharide
(c6h10o5)(dn) --> c12h22o11
magen
abbau von proteinen zu polypeptiden
h(nhrchco)(dm)oh --> h(nhrchco)(dn)oh
duinddarm
;spaltung von fetten in fettsaiuren und glycerin
(r(ch2)(dn)cooh)3h2 -->
r(ch2)(dn)cooh + (ch2oh)2choh
; polypeptiden zu aminosaiu.
h(nhrchco)(dn)oh -->nh2rchcooh
;spaltung von disacchariden(maltose) in monosaccharide
c12h22o11 --> c6h12o6

--- hauptverdauungsenzyme ---
mund amylase (polysaccharide)
magen pepsin (proteine)
duinndarm
lipase(fette) peptidase(polypeptide)
maltase(disaccharide) amylase,lactase(polysaccharide)
tripsin(proteine)

!atmung ;dtv.388
glycogen-->glucose─┬─>>2.mol.atp.gewinn
┌──<<─────┘
┌─<<───pyruvat-->lactat-zur lebe->
└─┌───────>>─────┬──>>co2
│citrat zyklus │
┌─┴───────<<─────┘
└───>>h+o2.in ─┬─>>36.mol.atp.gewinn
h2o <<─────┘

a1=cytochromoxidase ;hirzel.839
┌─>>2h(u+) ────────────────>>──────────────┐
nadh+h(u+)┐┌──>>fadh2─┐┌─>>cyt.-fe(u2+)>>─┐┌─>>a1-fe(u2+)>>─┐┌─>>o(2-) -->>h2o
nad(u+)<<─┘└─<<─fad<<─┘└─<<cyt.-fe(u3+)<<─┘└─<<a1-fe(u3+)<<─┘└─<<1/2(o2)

!genom
[!specific chain terminater]
!genom_dna
!virus
!mt-dna
!cp-dna

!genom_dna
at─┐3.4 ongstrom
gc─┘ │1jugi=10nu.
ta │34 ongstrom
cg───┘
└┘
20 ongstrom
s.170
dna_syn. ->2-3 uhr in interphase(gangi)

5'-->3' okazaki
jinhaig ->100<->200nu. 1micro.m/min.
ueonhaig->1000<->2000nu. 30micro.m/min.
chopari 2600nu./min.

!virus
!t7
!lambdaphage

!t7
dna->39936b 50gen 92%.use
-0.3 antirestriction
-0.7 protein kinase
-1 rna polymerase
-1.2 replication
-1.3 dna ligase
------------------
-2 anti-rna polymerase
-2.5 dna-binding protein
-3 endonuclease
-3.5 amidase (lysozyme)
-4 primase genes for dna metabolism
-5 dna polymerase
-5.7 growth on lambda
-6 exonuclease
-------------------
-7 host range
-7.3 host range
-8 host-tail
-9 head assembly
-10 capsid protein
-11 tail
-12 tail
-13,14,15,16 core
-17 tail fiber
-18,19 dna maturation

!lambdaphage
dna->48513b 60gen

!mt-dna
seite.605
poyuryu-16kb.1promoter.operon corn-570kb

man-16569b mouse-16295b songaji-16338b
22.trna.genom (leu,ser,his...)
12s.16s.rna.genom 13.protein.genom

hyomo.84kb
16.trna.genom+10.trna.genom

!cp-dna s.612
120kb<->20kb
usanikki( marchantia polymorpha)
121024bp
22.trna.genom (leu,ser,his...)
rps->30s.protein rpl->50s.protein

[!specific chain terminater] s.412
3' gcatgatcgg 5'
5'-oh3' , e.coli.polymerase1
ddgtp ddatp ddctp ddttp

5' cgtactagcc 3'
ddgtp ddatp ddctp ddttp
---------------------------------
cg cgta c cgt
cgtactag cgtacta cgtac cgtact
cgtactagc
cgtactagcc
----------------------------------

!e.coli
dna=2.5*10^9dal.=4*10^6b=1.33*10^6.amino
1.protein<>=360.(amino.) 3600.protein
10^-12gram=5*10^11dal., h2o=18dal.
2micron.lang*1micron.d 20grad*2
2*n=glucose.37grad.60.minute
2*n=glucose.n(amino.).purine.pyrimidine.37grad.20.minute

a=h(u+),b=na(u+),ca(u2+),c=ragtos,prolin
d=fad+FeS+FeS+qh2,e=b+b+o,f=atpase
p1=nadh+h(u+)-->nad,p2=o2+4h-->2h2o

┌─flagella
┌┘┬─────
┌┼┼┤ ┌─>>b ┌─>>n(a)───┐
││││ 256a ├─<<c │ │
└┼┼┘ │ │┌──a ├─<<┐ │
┌─┼┼─┐│ ┌││┐ └┐ │ ┌│┐
┌┴─┼┼─┴│───┼││┼────┌d┐┌e┐────┤│├─┐
│ ┌─┘ ││││ ─>>───┐ │││ │
└┬─┼┼│┬────┼││┼────└┬┘└┬┘│───┤│├─┘
└─┴┴│┘ └││┘ ┌─┘┌─┘ │ ┌┘│└┐
┌─<<─┘ │└─>> │ │ e(u-)│ │ f
1drehen=256a move p1 p2 │ └─│─┘
h<-e(u-)+a─┘

!hemoglobin ;26-2
1.gram.hem.=<- 1.34ml.o2
100ml.blut=15.gram.hem.
0.3ml%.in blut.aq

1day.3000kcal=600liter.o2(=27mol).in
-->480liter.co2.out(=h2co3)

stryer.322
a2=erythrocyte=jeoghyeolgu,a1=carbonate dehydratase
b=band 3 protein=929.amino=106kd=10^6.no.in membrane

┌─<<co2
┌┼────────────a2─────────┐
│└a1──>>hco3(u-) + h(u+) │
│ ┌──<<───┘ ┌───<<───┘ │
│ │┌─>> o2.hb──>>──┐ │
│ ┌││┐ ┌───o2+h(u+).hb─┘ │
└─┼││b─┼─────────────────┘
└││┘ └────>>o2.out
──┘└<<cl(u-)

!myoglobin
a=hem

his.93(=f8).n─┐
┌─────────┘
┌───fe(u2+)─┐
└a── │──────┘
┌...┘└...o2(121.winkel)
└─nh.his.64(=e7)

his.93(=f8).n─┐
┌─────────┘
┌───fe(u2+)─┐
└a── │──────┘
┌...┘└..co(121.winkel)
└─nh.his.64(=e7)

tyr.93(=f8).o(u-)
┌─────────┘
┌───fe(u3+)─┐
└a── │──────┘
┌...┘└...h2o
└─nh.his.64(=e7)

mp bp bijung
hcooh methanic acid formic acid 8.4 100.6 1.241
ch3cooh etahnic acid acetic acide 16.635 118
ch3ch2cooh propanic ac. propionic ac. -20.83 141
ch3(ch2)2cooh butano ac. butyric ac. -5.7 162
ch3(ch2)3cooh pentanic ac. valeic ac. -34.5 154

------- end file ---------------------------------------------